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GLOBALIZATION

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WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?


Globalization is a widely used, yet difficult to define, concept that not only has diverse interpretations, but also can be used in different dimensions that are totally different among them, but which have a common engine, trade.

In order to understand the concept of globalization, first we are going to define it through different authors.

According to the Real Academia Española, globalization is a process whereby economies and markets, with the development of communication technologies, take on a global dimension, so that they increasingly depend on external markets and less the regulatory action of the Governments, as well as a worldwide diffusion of the modes, values or trends that promote the uniformity of tastes and customs.

Mittelman (1996) considers that globalization is a fusion of transnational processes and domestic structures that allow the economy, politics, culture and ideology of one country to penetrate into another. Globalization is market driven; it is not a policy-driven process.

Moneta (1996) points out that when one speaks of globalization one tends to identify it with the process of economic globalization, forgetting the political, cultural and social dimensions. He argues that in the cultural field he can come to understand globalization as the passage from traditional and traditional cultural identities, territorially based, to other modern and postmodern ones, of a transterritorial nature.

Bodemer (1998) states that there are two aspects of interpretation of the phenomenon of globalization, a pessimistic and an optimistic one. For the pessimists, globalization is the embodiment of evil, is the realization of the prophecies of Marx and Hilferding, that is, the predominance of capital, imperialism and the power of a minority over the major. Therefore, this perspective perceives globalization as the cause of locational competition, increasing unemployment and the inability of state action for safety in the face of social risks. The optimistic version in the processes of globalization the emergence of a new era of wealth and growth with opportunities for new players. According to this perspective, globalization of production and markets improved opportunities to increase profits globally.

With these definitions, it is possible understand that globalization is a phenomenon that occurs in various spheres, economic, social, political and cultural, where their values and trends are spread in a global dimension, promoting the ideology and actions they have, and which can generate both positive and negative results in the people and nations of the world.


As we said before, globalization encompasses several dimensions:

  • Economical
  • Social 
  • Political 
  • Cultural



There are international institutions in each of these dimensions of globalization, which are committed to promoting, integration and diffusing their trends throughout the world.




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