WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
Globalization is a widely used,
yet difficult to define, concept that not only has diverse interpretations, but
also can be used in different dimensions that are totally different among them,
but which have a common engine, trade.
In order to understand the
concept of globalization, first we are going to define it through different
authors.
According to the Real Academia
Española, globalization is a process whereby economies and markets, with the
development of communication technologies, take on a global dimension, so that
they increasingly depend on external markets and less the regulatory action of
the Governments, as well as a worldwide diffusion of the modes, values or
trends that promote the uniformity of tastes and customs.
Mittelman (1996) considers that
globalization is a fusion of transnational processes and domestic structures
that allow the economy, politics, culture and ideology of one country to
penetrate into another. Globalization is market driven; it is not a
policy-driven process.
Moneta (1996) points out that
when one speaks of globalization one tends to identify it with the process of
economic globalization, forgetting the political, cultural and social
dimensions. He argues that in the cultural field he can come to understand
globalization as the passage from traditional and traditional cultural
identities, territorially based, to other modern and postmodern ones, of a
transterritorial nature.
Bodemer (1998) states that there
are two aspects of interpretation of the phenomenon of globalization, a
pessimistic and an optimistic one. For the pessimists, globalization is the
embodiment of evil, is the realization of the prophecies of Marx and
Hilferding, that is, the predominance of capital, imperialism and the power of
a minority over the major. Therefore, this perspective perceives globalization
as the cause of locational competition, increasing unemployment and the
inability of state action for safety in the face of social risks. The
optimistic version in the processes of globalization the emergence of a new era
of wealth and growth with opportunities for new players. According to this
perspective, globalization of production and markets improved opportunities to
increase profits globally.
With these definitions, it is
possible understand that globalization is a phenomenon that occurs in various
spheres, economic, social, political and cultural, where their values and
trends are spread in a global dimension, promoting the ideology and actions
they have, and which can generate both positive and negative results in the
people and nations of the world.
As we said before, globalization
encompasses several dimensions:
- Economical
- Social
- Political
- Cultural
There are international
institutions in each of these dimensions of globalization, which are committed
to promoting, integration and diffusing their trends throughout the world.
- International financial organizations or institutions
- International social organizations or institutions
- International political organizations or institutions
- International cultural organizations or institutions
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